|
Sybil was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman in 12th century England. Historians disagree about Sybil's parentage. The entry for her first husband in the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' entry states that Sybil was the niece of Hugh de Lacy.〔Mason "(Pain fitz John (d. 1137) )" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 The ''Complete Peerage'' states that Sybil was the daughter of Geoffrey Talbot and Talbot's wife Agnes, who was herself probably the daughter of Walter de Lacy.〔Cokayne ''Complete Peerage'' XII/2 pp. 270–271〕 The historian K. S. B. Keats-Rohan states Sybil was the daughter of Hugh de Lacy,〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday Descendants'' p. 919〕 a view shared by fellow historians Judith Green and Paul Dalton.〔Dalton "Eustace Fitz John" ''Speculum'' p. 360〕〔Green ''Henry I'' p. 133〕 Others such as Bruce Coplestone-Crow and David Crouch agree with the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''s designation of Sybil as Hugh's niece,〔Coplestone-Crow "Payn fitzJohn and Ludlow Castle" ''Shropshire History and Archaeology'' pp. 171–172〕 and daughter of Geoffrey Talbot and Agnes, the sister of Hugh de Lacy.〔Coplestone-Crow "Payn fitzJohn and Ludlow Castle" ''Shropshire History and Archaeology'' p. 179〕〔Crouch ''Reign of King Stephen'' p. 79 footnote 21〕 Sybil married first Pain fitzJohn,〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday Descendants'' p. 538〕 a marriage that took place around 1115.〔 Through Sybil, Pain acquired a number of holdings around Ludlow Castle,〔 as well as control of the castle itself.〔Green ''Henry I'' p. 174〕 Ludlow was an important strategic stronghold which controlled part of the Welsh Borders.〔Crouch ''Reign of King Stephen'' p. 102 and footnote 55〕 Sybil also brought her husband lands in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, and Worcestershire.〔 Both King Henry I and King Stephen recognized Pain's right to his wife's lands. Sybil had inherited lands that originally had been held by her kinsman Gilbert de Lacy, the son of Roger de Lacy. Roger de Lacy had been banished from England in 1095 and his English estates confiscated; he had though retained his properties in Normandy. Roger's English possessions were given to his brother Hugh de Lacy, from whom Sybil had inherited them. On Roger's death Gilbert inherited the lands in Normandy, and pressed his claim to the family's former English estates. Coplestone-Crow notes that there was uncertainty hanging over the inheritance, and accounted for one reason why Sybil's husband worked to secure more lands around Ludlow.〔Coplestone-Crow "Payn fitzJohn and Ludlow Castle" ''Shropshire History and Archaeology'' p. 178〕 Sybil was not the only recipient of Hugh de Lacy's lands; some went to Josce de Dinan and some to Miles of Gloucester.〔 Pain died on 10 July 1137 and was buried in Gloucester Abbey.〔 Sybil retained control of Ludlow Castle until the middle of 1139, when she was forced to surrender it to King Stephen after a siege.〔Crouch ''Reign of King Stephen'' p. 102〕 Stephen then married Sybil to Josce de Dinan,〔 probably because he felt that Josce trustworthy enough to control the castle.〔 Josce thus acquired control of Ludlow Castle in right of his wife, setting up the background to Gilbert Lacy's attempts to seize Ludlow from Dinan on which the medieval Welsh romance work ''Fouke le Fitz Waryn'' is based.〔Coplestone-Crow "Payn fitzJohn and Ludlow Castle" ''Shropshire History and Archaeology'' p. 181〕 Josce, however, rebelled against Stephen and fortified Ludlow against the king.〔Chibnall ''Empress Matilda'' pp. 123–124〕 Josce died in 1166.〔 Sybil had two daughters, Cecily and Agnes with Pain.〔 The two girls married five times in their lives;〔 Cecily's three marriages failed to produce any direct heirs.〔Newman ''Anglo-Norman Nobility'' pp. 172–173〕 Cecily was first married to Roger, the son of Miles of Gloucester.〔 This alliance had been arranged by Cecily's father and the marriage contract specified that Roger would inherit all of Pain's lands, but at Pain's death the marriage had still not been formally contracted. In December 1137 King Stephen confirmed the terms of the settlement.〔 Stephen also settled the bulk Pain's lands on Cecily, which led to disturbances and a minor war among disappointed claimants.〔Green ''Aristocracy of Norman England'' p. 381〕 Agnes first married Warin de Munchensy and then Haldenald de Bidun. She died sometime after 1185, when she was noted as a widow.〔 Presumably Sybil is the mother of Josce's two daughters — Sibil, who married Hugh de Pulgenet and died in 1212, and Hawise who married Fulk FitzWarin, who died in 1197.〔Keats-Rohan ''Domesday Descendants'' p. 434〕 In 1199 Sibil and Hawise petitioned the king regarding the ownership of the town and castle of Ludlow but were turned down.〔Coplestone-Crow "The End of the Anarchy to the de Genevilles" ''Ludlow Castle: Its History & Buildings'' pp. 36–37〕 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sybil (wife of Pain fitzJohn)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|